{"id":4648,"date":"2026-02-21T13:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-02-21T13:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.chr.org.uk\/anddidthosefeet\/?p=4648"},"modified":"2026-02-21T13:00:42","modified_gmt":"2026-02-21T13:00:42","slug":"feralia-the-roman-festival-of-the-dead-february-21st","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chr.org.uk\/anddidthosefeet\/feralia-the-roman-festival-of-the-dead-february-21st\/","title":{"rendered":"Feralia &#8211; the Roman Festival of the Dead February 21st"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"477\" height=\"807\" src=\"https:\/\/www.chr.org.uk\/anddidthosefeet\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/gloucesterraincoat.jpg\" alt=\"To illustrate rainwear in the Roman period and to illustrate winter showing Philu from Cirencester\" class=\"wp-image-2284\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chr.org.uk\/anddidthosefeet\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/gloucesterraincoat.jpg 477w, https:\/\/chr.org.uk\/anddidthosefeet\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/gloucesterraincoat-177x300.jpg 177w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 477px) 100vw, 477px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Tombstone of Philus from Cirencester (Corinium Dobunnorum) showing his rain cloak<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Feralia &amp; Parentalia <\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Feralia is the last day of Parentalia a 9-Day Festival for the spirits of the Dead.  It is described in some detail by the Roman Poet, Ovid, in his Almanac of the year called the &#8216;Fasti&#8217;. Here, he describes how to honour a parent:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>And the grave must be honoured. Appease your father&#8217;s<br>Spirits, and bring little gifts to the tombs you built.<br>Their shades ask little, piety they prefer to costly<br>Offerings: no greedy deities haunt the Stygian depths.<br>A tile wreathed round with garlands offered is enough,<br>A scattering of meal, and a few grains of salt,<br>And bread soaked in wine, and loose violets:<br>Set them on a brick left in the middle of the path.<br>Not that I veto larger gifts, but these please the shades:<br>Add prayers and proper words to the fixed fires.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>There is much more Ovid says about Feralia, and you can read it for free, in translation by A. S. Kline (which I used above, at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.poetryintranslation.com\/PITBR\/Latin\/Fastihome.php\">www.poetryintranslation.com<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For more about <a href=\"https:\/\/www.chr.org.uk\/anddidthosefeet\/february-15th-lupercalia-parentalia-and-februarius\/\">Parentalia look at my earlier post<\/a> about the February festivals of the Romans. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.chr.org.uk\/anddidthosefeet\/february-15th-lupercalia-parentalia-and-februarius\/\"> <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Roman Cemeteries in London<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In London, archaeologists have found many Roman cemeteries around the City of London. The Romans forbade burial inside the City limits. So, the dead were buried alongside the main roads out of the City Gates. Aldgate towards Colchester, Bishopsgate to the North. Ludgate along Fleet Street to the West. Newgate to Holborn and the North West. From London Bridge to Southwark and the South. These are the places that parents would be remembered at Feralia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"902\" src=\"https:\/\/www.chr.org.uk\/anddidthosefeet\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/roman_dead_june_18_04-1024x902.jpg\" alt=\"Map of Roman Cemetaries from Museum of London exhibition on the Roman Dead\n\" class=\"wp-image-4658\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chr.org.uk\/anddidthosefeet\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/roman_dead_june_18_04-1024x902.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/chr.org.uk\/anddidthosefeet\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/roman_dead_june_18_04-300x264.jpg 300w, https:\/\/chr.org.uk\/anddidthosefeet\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/roman_dead_june_18_04-768x676.jpg 768w, https:\/\/chr.org.uk\/anddidthosefeet\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/roman_dead_june_18_04-1536x1353.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/chr.org.uk\/anddidthosefeet\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/roman_dead_june_18_04.jpg 2010w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 767px) 89vw, (max-width: 1000px) 54vw, (max-width: 1071px) 543px, 580px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Map of Roman Cemeteries from the Museum of London exhibition on the Roman Dead, showing the River Thames and River Fleet. Holborn is to the left, marked &#8216;Western Cemetery&#8217;.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Roman Burials<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"323\" height=\"130\" src=\"https:\/\/www.chr.org.uk\/anddidthosefeet\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/mortaria-sketch.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6628\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chr.org.uk\/anddidthosefeet\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/mortaria-sketch.png 323w, https:\/\/chr.org.uk\/anddidthosefeet\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/mortaria-sketch-300x121.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 323px) 100vw, 323px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Roman Mortaria<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Various rites have been observed. Both inhumation and cremation were practised. I remember excavating a Roman mortaria with a hole in the bottom with the ashes of the dead in it. These large bowls were used as a mortar for grinding foodstuffs. The bottom was deliberated gritted, but they often wore through, and sometimes were reused to hold cremation ashes. I like to imagine, granny being buried in her favourite cooking vessel (or maybe a grandad who baked?).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Many bodies were covered in chalk, perhaps to help preserve the body. A surprising number of bodies are found with the head by the knees. The large number of cases fuels speculation that this was a burial rite, of whom only a percentage were beheaded as a punishment. In York, near Micklegate archaeologists found a large number of beheaded graves in a cemetery thought to be of gladiators.   Other graves shown signs of a funeral pyre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/www.chr.org.uk\/anddidthosefeet\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/DOCKLANDS_CROSSWALL_june_2017_16-768x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4659\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chr.org.uk\/anddidthosefeet\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/DOCKLANDS_CROSSWALL_june_2017_16-768x1024.jpg 768w, https:\/\/chr.org.uk\/anddidthosefeet\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/DOCKLANDS_CROSSWALL_june_2017_16-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/chr.org.uk\/anddidthosefeet\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/DOCKLANDS_CROSSWALL_june_2017_16-1152x1536.jpg 1152w, https:\/\/chr.org.uk\/anddidthosefeet\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/DOCKLANDS_CROSSWALL_june_2017_16-1536x2048.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/chr.org.uk\/anddidthosefeet\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/DOCKLANDS_CROSSWALL_june_2017_16-scaled.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 767px) 89vw, (max-width: 1000px) 54vw, (max-width: 1071px) 543px, 580px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Author&#8217;s photograph of a skeleton displayed at the Roman Dead Exhibition, Museum of London, She was between 26 and 35 years old, who lived a hard life, and possibly had  anaemia.  Her head was severed either: before and causing death, or shortly after death, and placed between her legs as shown.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Procurator Classicianus. <\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The rich and powerful were remembered with huge monuments, prominently sited along the main roads. The most famous are the burial stones found at Tower Hill of the Procurator Classicianus. What makes this special is that he is mentioned in Roman accounts of the Boudiccan Revolt of AD 60-61. He suggested to Nero that the Province would only be saved if the revenge against the British was de-escalated. Nero wisely withdrew the vengeful Roman Governor Suetonius Paulinus and replaced him with someone ready to conciliate.  The Romans held the province successfully for 350 years or so more.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"863\" src=\"https:\/\/www.chr.org.uk\/anddidthosefeet\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Tomb-of-Procurator-Classicianus-found-at-Tower-Hill-1024x863.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4660\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chr.org.uk\/anddidthosefeet\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Tomb-of-Procurator-Classicianus-found-at-Tower-Hill-1024x863.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/chr.org.uk\/anddidthosefeet\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Tomb-of-Procurator-Classicianus-found-at-Tower-Hill-300x253.jpg 300w, https:\/\/chr.org.uk\/anddidthosefeet\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Tomb-of-Procurator-Classicianus-found-at-Tower-Hill-768x647.jpg 768w, https:\/\/chr.org.uk\/anddidthosefeet\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Tomb-of-Procurator-Classicianus-found-at-Tower-Hill-1536x1295.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/chr.org.uk\/anddidthosefeet\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Tomb-of-Procurator-Classicianus-found-at-Tower-Hill-2048x1726.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 767px) 89vw, (max-width: 1000px) 54vw, (max-width: 1071px) 543px, 580px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Reconstruction drawing of two stones found while building Tower Hill Underground Station.  They read, something like, &#8216;To the Spirits of the Dear Departed Fabius Alpini Classicianius, Procurator of the Province of Britannia.Julia, Indi  (his wife) Daughter of Pacata of the Indiana voting tribe. Had This Set up.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignleft size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"716\" height=\"848\" src=\"https:\/\/www.chr.org.uk\/anddidthosefeet\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/eagle-sketch.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6629\" style=\"width:326px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chr.org.uk\/anddidthosefeet\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/eagle-sketch.jpg 716w, https:\/\/chr.org.uk\/anddidthosefeet\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/eagle-sketch-253x300.jpg 253w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 716px) 100vw, 716px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Sketch of a stone Eagle found in 2013 at an excavation at the Minories just outside the eastern side of the Roman Wall in the City of London.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>A beautiful carved eagle which adorned a tombstone was found in the Cemetery in Tower Hamlets. Recently, a very grand mausoleum was excavated in Southwark. To find out more, have a look at the BBC website <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/news\/uk-england-london-65890080\">here<\/a>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Funerary Bed in Holborn<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Finally, a couple of years ago an excavation ran by MOLA discovered a &#8216;funerary bed&#8217; just outside Newgate in Holborn. It was on the banks of the River Fleet, a tributary to the River Thames. The fluvial location meant that there were extraordinary levels of preservation, which included this bed. It was dismantled and buried in the grave. It may have been a bed used as a grave good, perhaps for use in the hereafter. Or it might have been the bed upon which the deceased was carried to the funeral. (Or both?)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"826\" height=\"475\" src=\"https:\/\/www.chr.org.uk\/anddidthosefeet\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Screenshot-2024-02-21-11.50.52sketch.jpg\" alt=\"sketch of Roman 'Funerary' Bed found dismantled in Holborn, London\" class=\"wp-image-4657\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chr.org.uk\/anddidthosefeet\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Screenshot-2024-02-21-11.50.52sketch.jpg 826w, https:\/\/chr.org.uk\/anddidthosefeet\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Screenshot-2024-02-21-11.50.52sketch-300x173.jpg 300w, https:\/\/chr.org.uk\/anddidthosefeet\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Screenshot-2024-02-21-11.50.52sketch-768x442.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 767px) 89vw, (max-width: 1000px) 54vw, (max-width: 1071px) 543px, 580px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Reconstruction of a Roman &#8216;Funerary&#8217; Bed found dismantled in Holborn, London (Sketch from a MOLA reconstruction drawing)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>They found other grave goods. These included an olive oil lamp decorated with an image of a gladiator; jet and amber beads and a glass phial.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"607\" height=\"486\" src=\"https:\/\/www.chr.org.uk\/anddidthosefeet\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Screenshot-2024-02-21-11.51.00-sketch.jpg\" alt=\"Sketch of Roman burial goods from Holborn 2024\" class=\"wp-image-4656\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chr.org.uk\/anddidthosefeet\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Screenshot-2024-02-21-11.51.00-sketch.jpg 607w, https:\/\/chr.org.uk\/anddidthosefeet\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Screenshot-2024-02-21-11.51.00-sketch-300x240.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 607px) 100vw, 607px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Sketch of Roman burial goods from Holborn, London<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mola.org.uk\/discoveries\/news\/excavations-holborn-viaduct-reveal-complete-roman-funerary-bed?fbclid=IwAR1vzgxJU28kqpGE2NmeLM135JqythDqwouLFqt0mMuTqRb8ETU0WcyZYWI\">For more look at www.mola.org.uk\/discoveries<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>On This Day<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>1804<\/strong> \u2013  R<strong>ichard Trevithick<\/strong>&#8216;s steam locomotive is put on wheels at the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Penydarren_Ironworks\">Pen-y-Darren Ironworks<\/a> in Wales. and shows its capability for pulling heavy loads. Unfortunately, the Engine weighs so much it breaks the rails, so the wheels are taken off. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Toad, Frogs &amp; Newts Migration<\/strong> &#8211; as the weather warms up a little, later in February is when the amphibians wake up from hibernation, and begin their annual migration to their home pond for spawning.  They may walk\/hop\/slither up to 2 kilometres.  The kind people at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.froglife.org\/2026\/02\/01\/what-our-animals-are-doing-this-month-55\/\">www,froglife.org<\/a> coordinate Toad Patrols to help toads across the roads that have sprung up along their traditional migration paths.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>In the Garden <\/strong>&#8211; prune deciduous shrubs such as Buddleia and Spiraea. Sow seeds indoors.  Order lots of compost.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-8f8ee10a-74df-4bca-b662-184392e1bf02\">First Published in February 2024, revised 2025, On this Day added 2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Feralia &amp; Parentalia Feralia is the last day of Parentalia a 9-Day Festival for the spirits of the Dead. It is described in some detail by the Roman Poet, Ovid, in his Almanac of the year called the &#8216;Fasti&#8217;. Here, he describes how to honour a parent: And the grave must be honoured. Appease your &hellip; <\/p>\n<p class=\"link-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/chr.org.uk\/anddidthosefeet\/feralia-the-roman-festival-of-the-dead-february-21st\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;Feralia &#8211; the Roman Festival of the Dead February 21st&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[112,146,11,728,116,377,321,118,115,23,324,4,98,14,322],"tags":[1436,1435,1432,1433,1434,890,2065,2066,157,1438,1430],"class_list":["post-4648","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-almanac-of-the-past","category-ancient-history","category-archaeology","category-art-history","category-calendar","category-classical","category-europe","category-events","category-folklore","category-heritage","category-history","category-london","category-medical-history","category-roman","category-uk","tag-boudicca","tag-classicianus","tag-feralia","tag-festivals-of-the-dead","tag-funerary-bed","tag-holborn","tag-minories","tag-mortaria","tag-parentalia","tag-paulinus","tag-roman-burials"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Feralia - the Roman Festival of the Dead February 21st - And Did Those Feet<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Feralia and Parentalia the Roman feastival of the Dead. 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