{"id":3100,"date":"2026-02-23T10:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-02-23T10:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.chr.org.uk\/anddidthosefeet\/?p=3100"},"modified":"2026-03-06T12:34:31","modified_gmt":"2026-03-06T12:34:31","slug":"february-23rd-terminalia-god-of-the-boundary","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/chr.org.uk\/anddidthosefeet\/february-23rd-terminalia-god-of-the-boundary\/","title":{"rendered":"Terminalia God of the Boundary February 23rd"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"675\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/www.chr.org.uk\/anddidthosefeet\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/800px-Design_for_a_Stained_Glass_Window_with_Terminus_by_Hans_Holbein_the_Younger-675x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3165\" srcset=\"https:\/\/chr.org.uk\/anddidthosefeet\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/800px-Design_for_a_Stained_Glass_Window_with_Terminus_by_Hans_Holbein_the_Younger-675x1024.jpg 675w, https:\/\/chr.org.uk\/anddidthosefeet\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/800px-Design_for_a_Stained_Glass_Window_with_Terminus_by_Hans_Holbein_the_Younger-198x300.jpg 198w, https:\/\/chr.org.uk\/anddidthosefeet\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/800px-Design_for_a_Stained_Glass_Window_with_Terminus_by_Hans_Holbein_the_Younger-768x1164.jpg 768w, https:\/\/chr.org.uk\/anddidthosefeet\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/800px-Design_for_a_Stained_Glass_Window_with_Terminus_by_Hans_Holbein_the_Younger.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 675px) 100vw, 675px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/en:Hans_Holbein_the_Younger\">Hans Holbein the Younger<\/a> <em><strong>Design for a Stained Glass Window with Terminus<\/strong><\/em>. Pen and ink and brush, grey wash, watercolour, over preliminary chalk drawing, 31.5 \u00d7 25 cm, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kunstmuseum_Basel\">Kunstmuseum Basel<\/a>. <br>&#8216;Terminus is often pictured as a bust on a boundary stone, His festival is &#8216;Terminalia&#8217;<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Today is Terminalia, the Roman day for setting land boundaries. The festival of Terminus was a pastoral outdoor festival marking the boundaries of towns and villages. It resembles the Beating the Bounds tradition that we have in Britain. This is recorded, in the UK, from Anglo-Saxon times, and still continues in some parishes. I will talk about this on Ascension Day in May.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Terminus was an old ancient God who was the God of the boundary, the border, the edge, the liminal God. Ovid says King Tarquinus swept away the old Gods on the Capital Hill and Jupiter became the Great God. All the old temples were taken down, except for that of Terminus. Instead, Jupiter&#8217;s Temple was built around Terminus&#8217; temple. They put a hole in the roof because Terminus had to be worshipped in the open air.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Terminus&#8217;s motto was \u201c<em>concedo nulli<\/em>\u201d which means &#8220;I yield to no one&#8221;.  This was adopted by Erasmus as his personal motto in 1509.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Terminalia and the Roman Year<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The Terminalia was celebrated on the last day of the old Roman year. February was the last month of the year. The rulers of Rome added an intercalary month called <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mercedonius\">Mercedonius<\/a> in an attempt to keep the Solar year in tune with the seasons. And when the intercalary month was added, the last five days of February were given to the month Mercedonius.  The resulting &#8216;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Leap_year\">leap year<\/a>&#8216; was either 377 or 378 days long. So, in those years, the 23rd of February was the Terminus of the year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The intercalary months were added at the direction of the Pontiffs, supposedly every two or three years. But the Pontiffs were often swayed by political of financial advantage and delayed the decision. By the time of Julius Caesar, the seasons were wildly out of sync with the calendar year. The Dictator, responded by instituting a reform of the Calendar. It began with &#8216;the Year of Confusion&#8217;,  over 400 days long. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The reforms introduced the Julian Calendar which realigned the calendar back in line with the seasons. It resolved the problem by adding leap day every four years. This was based on the almost correct calculation of a solar year being 365.25 days. It took another 1500 years before that inaccuracy was corrected. Then the year was another 11 days out of kilter, and the Julian Year was replaced by the Gregorian Year,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For more on <a href=\"https:\/\/www.chr.org.uk\/anddidthosefeet\/leap-day-february-29th\/\">Leap Years and the Roman Year look at my post here.<\/a>  For my post on the Gregorian calendar, <a href=\"https:\/\/chr.org.uk\/anddidthosefeet\/january-11th-new-years-eve-old-style-and-carmentalia\/\">look here<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Ovid &amp; Terminalia<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Here is what Ovid, in &#8216;Fasti&#8217; says about Terminalis<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><br><em>When night has passed, let the god be celebrated<br>With customary honour, who separates the fields with his<br>sign.<br>Terminus, whether a stone or a stump buried in the earth,<br>You have been a god since ancient times.<br>You are crowned from either side by two landowners,<br>Who bring two garlands and two cakes in offering.<br>An altar&#8217;s made: here the farmer&#8217;s wife herself<br>Brings coals from the warm hearth on a broken pot.<br>The old man cuts wood and piles the logs with skill,<br>And works at setting branches in the solid earth.<br>Then he nurses the first flames with dry bark,<br>While a boy stands by and holds the wide basket.<br>When he&#8217;s thrown grain three times into the fire<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em><br>The little daughter offers the sliced honeycombs.<br>Others carry wine: part of each is offered to the flames:<br>The crowd, dressed in white, watch silently.<br>Terminus, at the boundary, is sprinkled with lamb&#8217;s blood,<br>And doesn&#8217;t grumble when a sucking pig is granted him.<br>Neighbours gather sincerely, and hold a feast,<br>And sing your praises, sacred Terminus:<br>You set bounds to peoples, cities, great kingdoms:<br>Without you every field would be disputed.<br>You curry no favour: you aren&#8217;t bribed with gold,<br>Guarding the land entrusted to you in good faith.<br>If you&#8217;d once marked the bounds of Thyrean lands,<br>Three hundred men would not have died,<br>Nor Othryades\u00ed name be seen on the pile of weapons.<br>O how he made his fatherland bleed!<br>What happened when the new Capitol was built?<br>The whole throng of gods yielded to Jupiter and made<br>room:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em><br>But as the ancients tell, Terminus remained in the shrine<br>Where he was found, and shares the temple with great<br>Jupiter.<\/em> <br><em>Even now there&#8217;s a small hole in the temple roof,<br>So he can see nothing above him but stars.<br>Since then, Terminus, you&#8217;ve not been free to wander:<br>Stay there, in the place where you&#8217;ve been put,<br>And yield not an inch to your neighbour&#8217;s prayers,<br>Lest you seem to set men above Jupiter:<br>And whether they beat you with rakes, or ploughshares,<br>Call out: This is your field, and that is his!<br>There&#8217;s a track that takes people to the Laurentine fields,<br>The kingdom once sought by Aeneas, the Trojan leader:<br>The sixth milestone from the City, there, bears witness<br>To the sacrifice of a sheep&#8217;s entrails to you, Terminus.<br>The lands of other races have fixed boundaries:<br>The extent of the City of Rome and the world is one<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Book II: February 23: The Terminalia<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Translated by A. S. Kline copyright 2004<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-590e7046-a564-45bb-84e1-d4cdc2858468\">See the following posts for the Roman Year:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"block-590e7046-a564-45bb-84e1-d4cdc2858468\">Romulus\u2019s 10 month year <a href=\"https:\/\/www.chr.org.uk\/anddidthosefeet\/march-1st-the-month-of-new-life\/\">here<\/a><br>Roman Months <a href=\"https:\/\/www.chr.org.uk\/anddidthosefeet\/november-the-9th-month\/\">here <\/a><br>More on the Ides of March <a href=\"https:\/\/www.chr.org.uk\/anddidthosefeet\/wp-admin\/post.php?post=3287&amp;action=edit\">here<\/a><br><a href=\"https:\/\/www.chr.org.uk\/anddidthosefeet\/leap-day-february-29th\/\">Leap Years and the Roman Year<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Today is Terminalia, the Roman day for setting land boundaries. The festival of Terminus was a pastoral outdoor festival marking the boundaries of towns and villages. It resembles the Beating the Bounds tradition that we have in Britain. This is recorded, in the UK, from Anglo-Saxon times, and still continues in some parishes. I will &hellip; <\/p>\n<p class=\"link-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/chr.org.uk\/anddidthosefeet\/february-23rd-terminalia-god-of-the-boundary\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;Terminalia God of the Boundary February 23rd&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[112,146,116,119,377,118,298,115,412,13,375,14],"tags":[637,641,640,148,2070,2071,2069,697,2068,159,2067,491,639,636,635],"class_list":["post-3100","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-almanac-of-the-past","category-ancient-history","category-calendar","category-christian-heritage","category-classical","category-events","category-farming-history","category-folklore","category-italy","category-literary-history","category-mythology","category-roman","tag-beating-of-the-bounds","tag-concedo-nulli","tag-erasmus","tag-february","tag-gregorian-year","tag-intercalary-month","tag-julian-year","tag-julius-caesar","tag-leap-years","tag-ovid","tag-roman-year","tag-rome","tag-tarquinus","tag-terminalia","tag-terminus"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Terminalia God of the Boundary February 23rd - And Did Those Feet<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The Festival of Terminalia is dedicated to the Roman God Terminus. 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